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嬰兒生來就有道德感，就像他的四肢一樣

出處：網絡收集 日期：2024-07-09 10:31:37 編輯：秩名

耶魯大學心理學家保羅?布魯姆（paulbloom）認為，人類的道德感不完全是后天習得的，它也是與生俱來的。出生伊始，嬰兒就擁有同情心（compasssion）、同理心（empathy），以及某種模糊的公平觀念（fairness）。在他的新書justbabies里，布魯姆試圖證明，成年人正是從這里（天生的道德觀）開始，逐漸發(fā)展出是非觀、向善心，以及作惡的能力。
 
保羅認為，嬰兒表現出道德感的最早跡象是同理心和同情心——對他人的痛苦感同身受。嬰兒出生不久后，我們就能看到這點。能夠協(xié)調運動后，嬰兒通常會試著通過撫摸和輕拍來安慰他人。他們發(fā)現，3個月大的嬰兒已經能夠區(qū)分“幫助者”和“阻撓者”的形象，并對他們區(qū)別對待。這意味著道德判斷很早就發(fā)展出來了。研究還發(fā)現，很多與道德感相關的因素，比如共情的能力，都有很大的遺傳性在里面。就像托馬斯·杰弗遜（thomasjefferson）說的那樣：人的道德感“就像他的腿或胳膊一樣”（不可或缺，與生俱來）。

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